【CATTI二级口译】CATTI二级口译精讲第5讲讲义

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CATTI二级口译精讲第5讲讲义主要内容：

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讲义内容：

逻辑分析练习

I'm very happy to see such a large audience. But this lecture on the stock market is meant for beginners. A stock is an ownership share in a business. Companies sell stock as a way to raise money without borrowing. People buy stock as an investment, in the hope of making a profit on an increase in the stock's price.

The stock market in the United States began in New York City in 1792. The New York Stock Exchange is the oldest financial market in the United States, and the largest stock market in the world.

The stocks of more than three thousand American and international companies are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Together the stock represents about eighty percent of the value of all publicly owned companies in America.

Stockbrokers and dealers have been an important part of the traditional stock trading system. These financial experts are paid for their knowledge of financial markets and business. But, the Internet has made it easy for the general public to get information about companies and stocks. Many people now choose to control how their money is invested.

About fifty years ago, only five percent of Americans owned stock. They were usually very rich people trading shares with each other. Today, almost fifty percent of all Americans have stock holdings. And, sixteen percent of all stock trades take place over the Internet.

The expression used to describe such a period when the prices of most stocks are increasing is a "bull market.”A "bear market" is when most stock prices are falling as investors sell stocks.

Usually, investors in the United States have bought stocks they expected .to keep for many years. Over the long-term, the stock market has always increased. Short-term price decreases only affect people who sell stocks at prices lower than they paid for them. That is why during bull markets, experts tell investors to keep their stocks rather than to sell.

Recently, however, short-term trading has become more popular, especially one kind called day trading. Day traders seek to earn money from the daily changes in the price of a stock. Day trading is an extremely risky form of investing. It is possible to gain a large amount of money very quickly by day trading. Most day traders, however, lose money.

The performance of the stock market is measured by stock indexes. The Dow Jones Industrial Average follows the share prices of thirty leading industrial companies in the United States. The NASDAQ Composite Index is also a major stock index.

People usually have invested in companies that have strong earnings and a large share in their business market. But over the last few rears, stocks of companies that promise future growth have had the greatest demand.

In a few years, investors should be able to trade stocks twenty-four hours a day. Seven days a week. And, in the future, financial markets around the world are expected to be linked. We just have to be a little bit more patient。

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